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UEA research reveals why males outnumber females in bird world

Female birds 'fly the nest' from sparsely populated breeding sites leaving behind small groups of lonely males - according to new research from the University of East Anglia.

Research published today in the Journal of Animal Ecology shows for the first time the causes of skewed sex ratios among small and declining bird populations.

New research has found that developing countries with large carbon sinks and good governance tend to be the main destination for major green donors' climate mitigation funding.

Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men continue to have disproportionately high burdens of HIV infection in countries of low, middle and high income around the world, a new study led by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health suggests.

(PHILADELPHIA) - Over the years, there have been many efforts to use antioxidants to prevent or help treat various diseases and aging. While reactive oxygen species (ROS), can damage and kill cells - these molecules have also been implicated in normal biochemical processes.

In a study published online by JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, James A. Bonner, M.D., of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, and colleagues assessed the rates of laryngeal (having to do with the larynx [voice box]) preservation and laryngectomy-free survival in patients receiving the monoclonal antibody cetuximab and radiation therapy (CRT) or radiation therapy alone.

Rapid warming off the western coast of Australia has transformed large stretches of kelp forests into tropical and subtropical marine ecosystems, a new study reports. The results reveal a dramatic transition over a short period of time, where a marine heatwave resulted in the loss of 963 km2 of kelp forests. Since the 1970s, kelp forests along the mid-west section of the Australian coast have experienced steadily increasing ocean temperatures, recently punctuated by three of the warmest summers in the past 215 years.

The Bay Area has long been one of the nation's leading advocates for LGBT equality and community support. Recent studies, however, reveal that one population -- aging lesbian and bisexual women -- are overlooked in the realm of health care and the promotion of healthy lifestyle choices tailored to their needs.

ANN ARBOR, Mich. -- Acupressure helped reduce persistent fatigue in women who had been treated for breast cancer, a new study finds.

Fatigue is one of the most common long-term effects of breast cancer treatment. About a third of women experience moderate to severe fatigue up to 10 years after their treatment ends.

The study, published in JAMA Oncology, found acupressure reduced fatigue by 27 percent to 34 percent over six weeks. Two-thirds of women who did relaxing acupressure, a certain type of the healing method, achieved normal fatigue levels.

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppresses HIV replication and significantly slows the progression of disease, enabling HIV+ individuals to effectively manage infection for long periods. One of the manifestations of HIV infection is chronic inflammation in the gut and damage to the gastrointestinal barrier, which is thought to contribute to immune system activation. Elevated immune system activation is associated with increased risk of non-AIDS-associated disease and death in HIV+ individuals.

Identification of a gene needed to expand light harvesting in photosynthesis into the far-red-light spectrum provides clues to the development of oxygen-producing photosynthesis, an evolutionary advance that changed the history of life on Earth. "Knowledge of how photosynthesis evolved could empower scientists to design better ways to use light energy for the benefit of mankind," said Donald A. Bryant, the Ernest C. Pollard Professor of Biotechnology and professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Penn State University and the leader of the research team that made the discovery.

A team of CNIO researchers, in collaboration with the Spanish Oncology Genitourinary Group (SOGUG) and the University Hospitals Leuven (Belgium), has discovered various potential biomarkers predictive of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) response in metastatic renal cancer. In their study, published in JCI Insight, the researchers identify various miRNAs that define a group of patients refractory to TKI treatment -a type of anti-angiogenic agent widely used to treat renal cell carcinoma- and with poor prognosis.

Glioblastoma has an extremely poor prognosis, and there is a critical need for new therapies to treat the disease. Immunotherapy helps the immune system destroy cancer cells, and recent clinical evaluation of an immune cell-based vaccine has shown some benefits in early stage trials. Unfortunately, the response to this vaccine varies greatly amongst patients.

Influenza A viruses are responsible for seasonal disease outbreaks in humans. Influenza A also circulates among bird and some mammal populations and periodically crosses between species. The influenza A H3N2 variant (H3N2v) virus, which circulates in swine, has recently been reported in humans, especially children, and is distinct from other seasonal H3N2 strains found in humans. So far, H3N2v has only been reported in individuals that have had direct contact with pigs and causes a fairly severe disease.

PHILADELPHIA--(July 7, 2016)--As the powerhouse of the cells, mitochondria are critical for every organism because of their role in producing energy while also controlling survival, but how they function in cancer is still not completely known. This is particularly important because, in general, tumor cells proliferate more than normal tissues, and scientists have speculated that mechanisms that preserve mitochondrial function are responsible for supporting tumor expansion.

SANTA BARBARA, CA -- A new study has found that the little-known member of the human herpesvirus family called HHV-6A infects the lining of the uterus in 43% of women with unexplained infertility but cannot be found in uterine lining of fertile women. The study was conducted by investigators at the University of Ferrara, Italy.