image: Karin Nordin is a Professor at the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Lifestyle and rehabilitation in long-term illness, Uppsala University
People receiving treatment for cancer are known to feel better with physical training. But does it make any difference how vigorously they exercise? A new study by researchers at Uppsala University shows that whether the training is intensive or rather less strenuous, its effect is roughly the same. The results are published in the journal Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports.
Physical activity and training during cancer therapy improve physical and mental health, and may also reduce the most common side effects of the treatment. This has been confirmed in several international studies. Many patients suffer from cancer-related fatigue, and both resistance and endurance training are known to lessen fatigue.
On the other hand, whether the intensity of the training is of any significance has yet to be clarified. Nor has it been ascertained whether extra support in the form of goal-setting, planning and self-monitoring of exercise brings improved results. To answer these questions, a randomised, controlled study known as Phys-Can (Physical training and Cancer) was implemented at the Universities of Uppsala, Linköping and Lund.
A total of 577 participants aged 30-84, recently diagnosed with breast, prostate or colorectal cancer, were randomised to undergo resistance and endurance training at either high or low-to-moderate intensity. In addition, half were randomly assigned to receive extra support in their training.
The resistance training was provided in instructor-led groups at Sweden's largest keep-fit club while the endurance training was home-based. The extra support given to half the participants was primarily a matter of assistance in planning their home-based endurance training and recording it in their diaries. The training period lasted six months.
After completion of the training, the two groups displayed differences. The group that had undergone high-intensity training suffered from somewhat less physical fatigue. They also had superior leg-muscle strength and slightly better fitness than the low-to-moderate intensity group. Regarding the extra support provided in the course of the training, no difference was found between the groups at follow-up. Accordingly, the additional support seems to have had no effect, given that the arrangements already entailed a great deal of support: thorough training instructions, a heart-rate monitor and instructor-led group training with other participants in a similar situation, for example.
"The conclusions we draw from the study are, first, that whether the training is of high or low-to-medium intensity doesn't seem to matter much. The groups' results didn't differ in a clinically relevant way - that is, there was no difference likely to make a difference in the patients' everyday life," says Ingrid Demmelmaier, Associate Professor of Physiotherapy at Uppsala University.
The researchers will return later with more results from the study concerning such aspects as the effects of the training on the participants' health in the longer term.