Insurance solutions are pushed forward at the climate negotiations this week in Poznan.
This is a critical juncture to build insurance mechanisms solidly into the architecture of the agreement that will emerge in Copenhagen next year.
In a plenary session Thurs. Dec. 4 negotiators examined how insurance mechanisms can help people adapt to climate-related risks. Negotiators listened to the Munich Climate Insurance Initiative (MCII) proposal to put insurance solutions into the emerging adaptation framework, together with prevention measures. Delegates received the proposal well and discussed it eagerly, agreeing for the urgent need to engage the private sector.
A growing number of business leaders see climate risk insurance as a tool to help people adapt to some of the unavoidable weather-related risks that accompany climate change. Peter Hoeppe, Head of the Geo Risks Research Department of Munich Re, stated "Developing countries are most vulnerable to climate extremes and they have contributed little to greenhouse gas emissions. They lack the financial resources to adapt to climate change. And they have hardly any capacity to manage and transfer the increasing risks they face."
A side event at the United Nations Climate Change Conference held in Poznan, Poland today highlighted climate risk insurance as a viable option for dampening the negative effects of global warming. Climate risk insurance solutions can reduce the financial risks caused by an increasing number of natural catastrophes. What is needed, experts agreed, is an insurance-related system to help poorer countries manage weather-related risks.
"If insurance instruments are to be included in the post-2012 adaptation regime negotiations in Copenhagen, the potential role of risk-pooling and risk-transfer systems must be firmly established," emphasized Christoph Bals, head of the NGO Germanwatch.
Proposal for Insurance and Adaptation
MCII made a presentation to the climate negotiators for a risk management module with two pillars (prevention and insurance) to promote adaptation to climate change. The Prevention Pillar puts reduction of human and economic losses as its top priority. It will define a process and incentives to reduce vulnerability and risk, and enhance adaptive capacity. It would cost about 2 billion dollars per year. The Insurance Pillar has two tiers. The first tier is a Climate Insurance Pool that would absorb a pre-defined proportion of high-level risks of disaster losses in vulnerable (primarily developing) countries and be primarily paid for by developed countries through adaptation fund channels. MCII estimates that 3.2 to 5 billion dollars are needed annually to pay the premiums for this global pool. The second tier, a Climate Insurance Assistance Facility, would enable public-private insurance systems that provide cover for the middle layers of risk in these countries. Tier 2 encourages greater participation of the private sector, and links to regional centres for capacity building. It would cost about 3 billion. The total estimated cost of MCII´s proposal—prevention and insurance tools—would be about 10 billion dollars per year.
MCII´s proposal addresses the needs of many stakeholders: It meets the principles set out by the UNFCCC for financing and disbursing adaptation funds, it provides assistance to the most vulnerable, and it includes private market participation.
According to Joanne Linnerooth-Bayer of IIASA, replacing post-disaster humanitarian assistance with externally supported insurance can be a win-win situation for recipients, private insurers and donor organizations. However, the market, acting alone, cannot provide sufficient security to the most vulnerable. "Linking prevention and insurance is essential to getting the incentives right for adaptation," Linnerooth-Bayer said.
The MCII proposal unveiled at COP 14 stresses both fairness and market mechanisms. Thomas Loster, chairman of the Munich Re Foundation said, "With global warming showing its strong effects worldwide, the discussion on adaptation and insurance is intensifying. Also, insurance for the poor--be it individual microinsurance or index-based agricultural insurance solutions--is a coping mechanism that helps prevent affected people from falling deeper into poverty." Experts propose a combination of sound underwriting and international solidarity to help those most negatively affected by a changing climate.
The decisive question is what needs to be done for the Copenhagen Agreed Outcome?
MCII challenged negotiators to take three steps to put insurance squarely in the Copenhagen Agreed Outcome (CAO). First, to move insurance solutions ahead, COP should establish a risk management mechanism with a prevention and an insurance pillar, and specify how it could be operationalized. Second, negotiators must include, under the financial provisions of the CAO, provisions for a fund or funding window for these two pillars - prevention and insurance - in order to catalyze and facilitate adaptation. The proposed prevention and insurance pillars work hand-in-hand to facilitate vulnerability reduction and adaptation.
Finally COP has to identify a suitable operating entity and detail the operation of the two pillars between 2009 and 2012
As the frequency and scope of major natural catastrophe losses continue to increase, there is a growing need to explore new avenues for managing and transferring the risks associated with climate change. Market insurance and risk transfer solutions – climate insurance – can play their part in enabling disaster-prone countries to successfully manage the new climate risks. MCII believes that insurance mechanisms can play a useful role in a wider adaptation approach in the post-2012 agreement.
Mr. Raphael P. Kabwaza, head of the delegation from Malawi, stated to the plenary, "Insurance can work for developing countries—we have proof of this with our microinsurance and other programs in Malawi. But we need partnerships with other countries and the international community to secure accurate data for our indexed-based tools. With that kind of cooperation, we are certain that coinsurance-related mechanisms can be an effective part of adaptation strategies"
Source: United Nations University