Children who drown and suffer from cardiac arrest with hypothermia are significantly more likely to die or suffer severe brain damage if resuscitation continues for more than 30 minutes, finds a new study in BMJ. Drowning is a leading cause of accidental death in children worldwide. It is often associated with hypothermia, which is thought to offer a protective effect by slowing down the brain's metabolism.
Earth
A new U.S. Geological Survey study shows how plants' vulnerability to drought varies across the landscape; factors such as plant structure and soil type where the plant is growing can either make them more vulnerable or protect them from declines.
Malignant mesothelioma has been found at higher than expected levels in women and in individuals younger than 55 years old in the southern Nevada counties of Clark and Nye, likewise in the same region carcinogenic mineral fibers including actinolite asbestos, erionite, winchite, magnesioriebeckite and richterite were discovered.
The IBS research team (Center for Genome Engineering) has successfully confirmed that CRISPR-Cas9 has accurate on-target effects in human cells, through joint research with the Seoul National University College of Medicine and ToolGen, Inc.
There has been great interest in CRISPR-Cas9 as a tool to develop anticancer cell therapies or to correct genetic defects that cause hereditary in stem and somatic cells. However, since there has been no reliable and sensitive method to measure the accuracy of CRISPR-Cas9 genome-wide, its safety has remained in question.
The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, is the most harmful insect pest of rice in the United States, causing yield losses of up to 25%. Adults inflict damage by consuming leaf tissue, and the larvae feed on the roots of rice plants. A native of the southeastern U.S., the rice water weevil invaded Japan in 1976, Korea in 1980, China in 1988, and Italy in 2004.
New research from UCL and the Universities of Gdansk, Singapore, and Delft has uncovered additional second laws of thermodynamics which complement the ordinary second law of thermodynamics, one of the most fundamental laws of nature. These new second laws are generally not noticeable except on very small scales, at which point, they become increasingly important.
Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) is a major threat to bee colonies around the world and affects their ability to perform vital human food crop pollination. It has been a cause of urgent concern for scientists and farmers around the world for at least a decade but a specific cause for the phenomenon has yet to be conclusively identified.
New research shows that climate change mitigation efforts in Brazil's steel industry didn't reduce greenhouse gas pollution, programs under an international climate treaty led to an overall doubling of carbon dioxide emissions in the industry.
"In an attempt to reduce CO2 emissions, Brazil's steel industry is transitioning from coal to carbon-neutral charcoal sourced from plantation forests," says Laura Sonter, a scientist at the University of Vermont and the lead author on the new study.
The link between volcanism and the formation of copper ore has been discovered by researchers from the University of Bristol, UK. Their findings could have far-reaching implications for the search for new copper deposits.
With global demand for copper high (the average UK house contains about 200 kg of the metal, mostly in electric cables and transformers) and current reserves relatively limited, finding new reserves is a priority.
Not unlike an urban restaurant, the success of a bacterial cell depends on three things: localization, localization and localization. But the complete set of controls by which bacteria control the movement of proteins and other essential biological materials globally within the confines of their membrane walls has been something of a mystery. Now, researchers at the University of Washington have parsed out the localization mechanisms that E. coli use to sort through and organize their subcellular components.
Rocks within plate boundary scale fault zones become fragmented and altered over the earthquake cycle. They both record and influence the earthquake process. In this new open-access study published in Lithosphere on 4 Feb., Virginia Toy and colleagues document fault rocks surrounding New Zealand's active Alpine Fault, which has very high probability of generating a magnitude 8 or greater earthquake in the near future.
If you were about to enter a crowded subway during flu season, packed with people sneezing and coughing, wouldn't it be helpful if your immune system recognized the potentially risky situation and bolstered its defenses upon stepping into the train?
According to a new study by University of Pennsylvania and Imperial College London researchers, the mosquito immune system does something similar. After ingesting a meal of blood, mosquitoes ramp up production of immune system proteins that help fight off the parasites that blood might contain.
Lungfish and salamanders can hear, despite not having an outer ear or tympanic middle ear. These early terrestrial vertebrates were probably also able to hear 300 million years ago, as shown in a new study by Danish researchers.
Log on to Twitter, Facebook or other social media and you will find that much of the content shared with you comes in the form of images, not just words. Those images can convey a lot more than a sentence might, and will often provoke emotions in the viewer.
Jiebo Luo, professor of computer science at the University of Rochester, in collaboration with researchers at Adobe Research has come up with a more accurate way than currently possible to train computers to be able to digest data that comes in the form of images.
Members of IFR's National Collection of Yeast Cultures (NCYC) have joined forces with computer scientists at the University of East Anglia (UEA) to validate novel approaches to constructing a tree of life.
Finding evolutionary trees that best describe how species or sub-species are related to one another is a vital part of NCYC's research, underpinning our understanding of the collection and how we may exploit it in biological and bioindustrial projects.