Understanding extinct species diets may require a greater understanding of the relationship between skull biomechanics and the animals' ancestry than previously thought, according to a new study.
Culture
For more than 100 years, exposing students to basic and clinical research has been an essential component of a medical school education in the United States. However, today, new models of medical education in which research plays a minimal role are likely to create a two-tiered system of education, decrease the physician-scientist pipeline and diminish the application of scientific advances to patient care.
Improving access to public toilets in South African urban settlements may reduce both the incidence of sexual assaults by nearly 30% and the overall cost to society, a study by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health and Yale School of Management found.Development and human rights organizations have pointed to inadequate local sanitation facilities as a key factor in a woman's risk for physical or sexual assault. Many women in South Africa must travel out of their homes to public toilets, where they are more vulnerable to attack from sexual predators.
Having a child diagnosed with epilepsy can be a frightening and confusing time and getting referrals for pediatric epilepsy surgery once their child’s disease stops responding to anti-seizure medications is "arduous", a UCLA study has found. The study sheds light on the difficulties parents face obtaining specialty and sub-specialty care for their children during an already stressful time and points to the need to develop interventions that target and remediate these barriers to comprehensive epilepsy care for children.
When consumers taste cheap wine and rate it highly because they believe it is expensive, is it because prejudice has blinded them to the actual taste, or has prejudice actually changed their brain function, causing them to experience the cheap wine in the same physical way as the expensive wine? Research in the Journal of Marketing Research has shown that preconceived beliefs may create a placebo effect so strong that the actual chemistry of the brain changes.
Psychology, biology, and mathematics have come together to show that the occurrence of altruism and spite - helping or harming others at a cost to oneself - depends on similarity not just between two interacting individuals but also to the rest of their neighbours.
The Senate’s Report on the CIA’s Detention and Interrogation Program (commonly known as the torture report) released in December 2014, confirmed that doctors and psychologists were complicit in the torture of detainees.
Two psychologists, unnamed in the report, but confirmed to be James Mitchell and Bruce Jessen, designed some of the “enhanced interrogation” techniques. Other psychologists monitored interrogations.
Psychologists have long realized that blaming victims - 'you were in the wrong place at the wrong time' - is a defense mechanism that helps blamers feel better about the world, and see it as fair and just. But ways to prevent victim blaming have been elusive.
We have all been told not to grocery shop on an empty stomach, but what other tips can help us shop, and consequently eat, healthier? Cornell researchers Aner Tal, PhD and Brian Wansink, PhD write in Psychology & Marketing that shoppers can be primed to buy more produce when they eat a healthy item before shopping - individuals who ate an apple sample before shopping bought 25% more fruits and vegetables than those who did not eat a sample.
69 percent of bowel cancer patients say they weren't advised to exercise regularly after their diagnosis - despite evidence that brisk physical activity is linked to better survival in bowel cancer, according to a new study.
The research, from the Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre at University College London, is the largest study of its kind, according to the authors. More than 15,000 bowel cancer patients were asked about their current level of physical activity and whether they were advised to be more active after their diagnosis.
When educating medical students or residents to perform highly technical procedures, there is always a challenge to balance the educational mission with maintaining quality results and optimal patient care. This report compared outcomes of cardiac surgery residents to those of attending physicians in performing coronary artery bypass grafting. It found no differences in patient outcomes or graft patency between the residents and attending surgeons.
There has long been a debate among scholars about the origins of the first inhabitants of North America. The most widely accepted theory is that sometime before 14,000 years ago, humans migrated from Siberia to Alaska by means of a "land bridge" that spanned the Bering Strait.
At many universities and other institutions, heartfelt campaigns are underway to divest from fossil fuel companies as a way to address climate change.
Is it possible to support urgent action on climate change without opposing fossil fuel use? Indeed it is and there are sound arguments for why those concerned about the planet need not support fossil fuel divestment.
A new paper argues that some countries in Western Europe, and the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand have birth rates that are now relatively close to replacement, and that the underlying trend in Europe is upwards, and that population aging, although inevitable, is likely to be 'manageable'.
3,000 children were treated in U.S. emergency departments in 2012 for eye injuries related to paintball guns, airsoft guns, BB guns and pellet guns,. That's less than one-third the injuries of swimming pools but advocates in California say that mandates classifying them as dangerous weapons that need stricter regulation.