Culture
Researchers have charted the activity of tens of thousands of genes in mouse immune cells over the course of an infection. The study from the University of Melbourne, Australia, the Wellcome Sanger Institute, and their collaborators created the first full dynamic map of how cells learn to fight microbes and then preserve a memory of this for future infections.
What The Study Did: The association between the COVID-19 pandemic and health care-related data collection is examined in this Viewpoint article.
Authors: Makoto Mori, M.D., of the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, is the corresponding author.
To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.5542)
WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. - October 12, 2020 - Scientists at Wake Forest School of Medicine have recorded real time changes in dopamine and serotonin levels in the human brain that are involved with perception and decision-making. These same neurochemicals also are critical to movement disorders and psychiatric conditions, including substance abuse and depression.
Their findings are published in the Oct. 12 edition of the journal Neuron.
BLOOMINGTON, Ind. -- An examination of racial differences in the disciplining of police officers in three of the largest U.S. cities consistently found that Black officers were more frequently disciplined for misconduct than White officers, despite an essentially equal number of allegations being leveled. This included allegations of severe misconduct.
The problem of waste management has become persistent. It is a challenge that is growing in bounds and depths as the world's population surges. Are we at our wits' end?
Waste management would need a radical change. According to Beatrice Obule-Abila's doctoral dissertation at the University of Vaasa, Finland, this change could be achieved through the application of knowledge management tools and approaches in the waste management.
New research shows that sunspots and other active regions can change the overall solar emissions. The sunspots cause some emissions to dim and others to brighten; the timing of the changes also varies between different types of emissions. This knowledge will help astronomers characterize the conditions of stars, which has important implications for finding exoplanets around those stars.
Researchers at Kumamoto University, Japan generated mice lacking the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) gene, both fiber-specific and muscle stem cell-specific, which resulted in abnormalities in the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle in female mice. This was not observed in male mice that lacked the ERβ gene, suggesting that estrogen and its downstream signals may be a female-specific mechanism for muscle growth and regeneration.
Tokyo, Japan -- The continuing progress in miniaturization of silicon microelectronic and photonic devices is causing cooling of the device structures to become increasingly challenging. Conventional heat transport in bulk materials is dominated by acoustic phonons, which are quasiparticles that represent the material's lattice vibrations, similar to the way that photons represent light waves. Unfortunately, this type of cooling is reaching its limits in these tiny structures.
Electronic data is being produced at a breath-taking rate.
The total amount of data stored in data centres around the globe is of the order of ten zettabytes (a zettabyte is a trillion gigabytes), and we estimate that amount doubles every couple of years.
With 8% of global electricity already being consumed in information and communication technology (ICT), low-energy data-storage is a key priority.
While building a muscle damage model in a cultured system, a research collaboration between Kumamoto University and Nagasaki University in Japan has found that components leaking from broken muscle fibers activate "satellite" muscle stem cells. While attempting to identify the proteins that activate satellite cells, they found that metabolic enzymes, such as GAPDH, rapidly activated dormant satellite cells and accelerated muscle injury regeneration.
In addition to the financial statements and balance sheet, an investor should also go through the notes and understand their content, says Juha Mäki, M.Sc.(Eng.), M.Sc.(Econ. & Bus. Adm.), who is defending his doctoral dissertation in University of Vaasa.
For example, the valuation of a company's investment properties in the financial statements may bring surprises depending on whether the company has performed the valuation itself or used an external party for it.
The small Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth, encountered by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft on Jan 1 2019, is so far the most distant and most primitive object ever explored by a spacecraft. The discoveries from the mission have provided detailed information on the object's shape, geology, color and composition, which help people to reshape the knowledge and understanding of planetesimal origin and planet formation.
The Covid-19 pandemic has challenged all facets of human endeavours, and seven months later the economic effects are particularly being felt
How the world can leverage the positive and negative effects of COVID-19 to build a new, more resilient and low-carbon economy has been analysed by a group of academics led by WMG, University of Warwick
A more sustainable model based on circular economy framework could help the world recover financially from COVID-19, whilst facilitating the attainment of net zero carbon goals
The "spikelet meristem" (SM) plays a central role during the development of the grass inflorescence. Meristems are plant cells or tissues that have the capacity to produce new organs - in this case spikelets. To do this, however, cells destined to become SM must first attain the SM identity. This is achieved, among other things, by gene regulation. As a result, cells develop normally from meristem to organ. The process thus runs from the undifferentiated plant cell to the differentiated organ.
Pioneering analysis of 200 million-year-old teeth belonging to the earliest mammals suggests they functioned like their cold-blooded counterparts - reptiles, leading less active but much longer lives.
The research, led by the University of Bristol, UK and University of Helsinki, Finland, published today in Nature Communications, is the first time palaeontologists have been able to study the physiologies of early fossil mammals directly, and turns on its head what was previously believed about our earliest ancestors.