Culture
Darwin's theory of evolution should be expanded to include consideration of a DNA stability "energy code" - so-called "molecular Darwinism" - to further account for the long-term survival of species' characteristics on Earth, according to Rutgers scientists.
Population-wide screening for genetic variants linked to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer may be cost effective in women between the ages of 20 and 35, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open.
However, screening for older women was not cost-effective, the researchers found, since the majority of risk-reducing mastectomies and salpingo-oophorectomies occur before age 50 and the majority of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers occur after 50. Older women who learn they are at risk have a smaller window of time to take action.
November 16, 2020 - The Center for Justice Research (CJR) at Texas Southern University supports innovative, data-driven solutions for the creation of an equitable criminal justice system. CJR is the premier criminal justice research center located on the campus of a historically Black college or university. Our researchers offer an important voice at this crucial time. A Police Reform Action Brief released today focuses on the chokehold crisis. This is the first in a series of action briefs on police reform that will assist in the reimagination of policing.
COLUMBUS, Ohio - After a major corporate fraud case hits a city, financially motivated neighborhood crimes like robbery and theft increase in the area, a new study suggests.
Researchers from The Ohio State University and Indiana University found that the revelation of corporate accounting misconduct is linked to about a 2.3 percent increase in local financially motivated crimes in the following year.
Corporate fraud had the strongest effect on local crimes in smaller cities with fewer job opportunities and higher income inequality.
Theories on how the Milky Way formed are set to be rewritten following discoveries about the behaviour of some of its oldest stars.
An investigation into the orbits of the Galaxy's metal-poor stars - assumed to be among the most ancient in existence - has found that some of them travel in previously unpredicted patterns.
ROCHESTER, Minn. -- In a retrospective case study, Mayo Clinic researchers have found that antibiotics administered to children younger than 2 are associated with several ongoing illnesses or conditions, ranging from allergies to obesity. The findings appear in Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
Features of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19, which could be useful for developing vaccines and treatment strategies, were identified using a nonhuman primate model developed at the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB).
Much like investors on the stock market, cell populations prepare for changes in the environment by spreading the risk. The tool box they use contains a repertoire of sensory receptors on the surface of individual cells. These receptors can be tweaked to make individual members of the population responsive to different environmental signals. It was thought that cells could only modify this diversity relatively slowly, by producing new receptor proteins or degrading them.
Researchers from the Hubrecht Institute and Utrecht University developed an advanced technique that makes it possible to monitor a virus infection live. The researchers from the groups of Marvin Tanenbaum and Frank van Kuppeveld expect that the technique can be used to study a wide variety of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 - the virus responsible for the current pandemic. The technique named VIRIM ('virus infection real-time imaging') is therefore very valuable for gaining insights in virus infection in the human body.
* LDL Cholesterol Lowering Drugs Benefit Older and Younger Patients Equally: Older individuals face an increased incidence of cardiovascular events compared to younger individuals. Paradoxically, however, proven lipid-lowering therapies remain underused in older patients because these individuals have typically comprised small subsets of clinical trials and thus there has been a less persuasive evidence base.
An international study led by scientists at the University of Sussex has provided strong evidence for an effective new target for breast cancer treatment. The five-year study, called "The structure-function relationship of oncogenic LMTK3" to be published in Science Advances, involved researchers from seven institutions across three countries including the UK's Diamond Light Source. It suggests that LMTK3 inhibitors could be effectively used for the treatment of breast cancer, and potentially other types of cancer.
What The Study Did: This Viewpoint discusses the need for new and better testing for COVID-19 to help prevent community transmission, and it explains the limitations of such testing, including performance in the asymptomatic phase and access in resource-limited communities.
Authors: Yukari C. Manabe, M.D., of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/
What The Study Did: The rare incidence of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection is reviewed in this Viewpoint, which also discusses ways it can be minimized, including use of surgical masks, proper ventilation, physical distancing, eye protection, regular testing and the availability of sick leave for health care workers.
Authors: Aaron Richterman, M.D., of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.
SINGAPORE, 3 Nov 2020 - Long RNA molecules carrying DNA codes that don't get translated into proteins have long been a mystery of the human genome. Now, scientists at Duke-NUS Medical School have found a way to systematically investigate their functions and discovered some could play a role in pancreatic cancer. Their findings, published in the journal Genome Medicine, highlight the importance of investigating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in living organisms.
How hot is the Universe today? How hot was it before? A new study by an international team of researchers, including members of the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU), suggests that the mean temperature of gas in large structures of the Universe has increased about 3 times in the last 8 billion years, to reach about two million Kelvin today.