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GBC has very poor prognosis. Conventional surgery is considered the most effective treatment, but many cases are inoperable at the time of diagnosis. More recently, chemotherapy has shown activity in gallbladder cancer. However, no generally accepted standard chemotherapy for advanced, non-resectable cancer of the gallbladder or biliary tree has yet been established. In addition, more and more people pay close attention to the research of Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of cancer recently.

Los Baños, Philippines – Declining agricultural productivity and continued growing demand have brought the world food situation to a crossroads. Failure to act now through a wholesale reinvestment in agriculture—including research into improved technologies, infrastructure development, and training and education of agricultural scientists and trainers—could lead to a long-term crisis that makes the price spikes of 2008 seem a mere blip.

Pancreatic cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in Japan. The prognosis is extremely poor because it is difficult to detect this disease in the early stage and also the postoperative incidence of recurrence is still high, and we have not had any effective treatment for inoperable patients. Recently, the chemoradiotherapy has been regarded as one of the standard therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer and it has improved the survival and presented a clinical benefit.

Previous studies have shown the beneficial effect of rebamipide, a novel anti-ulcer drug, on experimental colitis. The permeabilities of rebamipide in different intestinal segments remained unknown.

Three RND efflux systems had been identified in H pylori, namely hefABC, hefDEF, and hefGHI, each of which consisted of a translocase, an accessory protein. But the contribution of efflux proteins to antibiotic resistance is not well established. 27 putative translocases also had been identified in the H pylori 26695 genome, but only four putative H pylori OEPs or TolC homologs were identified. While they could not quantitate the operons expression levels of the efflux systems in multidrug resistance strains of H pylori.

Although suboptimal postoperative pain control is associated with cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal complications, many multimodal regimens for analgesia following major colorectal laparotomy provide inadequate pain relief. Continuous wound infusions of local anaesthetics are a promising development as an adjunct to existing multimodal postoperative analgesic regimens. There is a need for a focused, quantitative review of the evidence specific to colorectal laparotomy.

Unique nanostructures which respond to stimuli, such as pH, heat and light will pave the way for safer, greener and more efficient chemical reactors.

Being developed by a consortium of UK universities, the nanostructures can regulate reactions, momentum, and heat and mass transfer inside chemical reactors. This technology will provide a step change in reactor technology for the chemical, pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.