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Engineers apply physics-informed machine learning to solar cell production
Organic photovoltaics max out at 15%-20% efficiency. Lehigh University researchers are using physics-informed machine learning to improve this efficiency. Their findings suggest a machine learning model, trained on coarse grained molecular models, can identify the optimal parameters for manufacturing in much less time than traditional methods. The researchers are currently exploring alternative materials for solar cells and will use their machine learning framework to optimize the production of such materials.
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Normal breathing sends saliva droplets 7 feet; masks shorten this
The WHO and the CDC recommend keeping a certain distance between people to prevent the spread of COVID-19. These social distancing recommendations are estimated from a variety of studies, but further research about the precise mechanism of virus transport is still needed. In Physics of Fluids, researchers demonstrate normal breathing indoors without a mask can transport saliva droplets capable of carrying virus particles 2.2 meters in 90 seconds.
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Honeybees' hairy abdomens show how to save energy, reduce wear on materials
Watching honeybees buzz among flowers, it's easy to see how the expression "busy as a bee" arose. One of many movements a bee's body makes is the repetitive curving and straightening of its abdomen. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces have found that tiny hairs reduce friction from these motions, saving energy for the industrious insects' daily activities while reducing wear and tear. This knowledge could help researchers design longer-lasting moving parts.
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X-ray Scanner Spots Cancers and Analyzes Drugs in Minutes
Engineers at Duke University have demonstrated a prototype X-ray scanning machine that reveals not just the shape of an object but its molecular composition. With unprecedented resolution and accuracy, the technology could revolutionize a wide range of fields such as cancer surgery, pathology, drug inspection and geology.
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SNAPSHOT USA: First-ever nationwide mammal survey published
How are the squirrels doing this year? The bears? The armadillos? How would you know? A new paper published June 8, 2021 sets up the framework for answering these questions across the United States by releasing the data from the first national mammal survey made up of 1,509 motion-activated camera traps from 110 sites located across all 50 states.
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Asteroid 16 Psyche might not be what scientists expected
New UArizona research finds that the target asteroid of NASA's Psyche mission may not be as metallic or dense as previously predicted, hinting that it might not be an exposed planetary core after all.
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Artificial intelligence predicts brain age from EEG signals recorded during sleep studies
A study shows that a deep neural network model can accurately predict the brain age of healthy patients based on electroencephalogram data recorded during an overnight sleep study, and EEG-predicted brain age indices display unique characteristics within populations with different diseases.
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Game time and direction of travel are associated with college football team performance
A study of NCAA Division I college football games found a significant association between the performance of away teams and both their direction of travel and the time of day when games were played.
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SARS-CoV-2 detectable -- though likely not transmissible -- on hospital surfaces
UC San Diego School of Medicine researchers discovered that SARS-CoV-2, or at least its genetic signature, abounds on hospital surfaces, often co-locating with one particular type of bacteria.
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Study shows new links between high fat diets and colon cancer
A new ASU study led by Miyeko Mana and her team has shown in greater detail than ever before of how high fat diets can trigger a molecular cascade of events that leads to intestinal and colon cancer.
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New study underscores the role of race and poverty in COVID-19
Previous research suggests that COVID-19 has disproportionately affected some demographic groups. A new analysis using more individual-level data and including both inpatients and outpatients confirms a large role of structural factors. Data indicates striking disparities in the pandemic's impact.
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Rapamycin changes the way our DNA is stored
Researchers discover an unexpected link between DNA winding and metabolism in the gut to ameliorate ageing.
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Curtin study finds aspirin takes the headache out of restoration
New Curtin research has shown how a readily available, cheap and safe-to-use product found in the medicine cabinet of most homes could be the key to better ecological restoration practices with major benefits for the environment and agriculture.The study revealed that aspirin, which naturally occurs in the bark of the willow tree and other plants, can improve the survival of grass species important for ecological restoration and sustainable pasture when applied in a seed coating.
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Lower and safer doses of laughing gas relieve treatment-resistant depression in phase 2 trial
A single one-hour treatment with nitrous oxide -- also known as laughing gas -- can relieve symptoms of treatment-resistant depression for several weeks, according to a phase 2 clinical trial involving 28 participants.
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Researchers develop tool to aid in development, efficiency of hydrogen-powered cars
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder are addressing one aspect of creating fuel cells that can convert hydrogen and oxygen safely into water by developing new computational tools and models needed to better understand and manage the conversion process.
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How catalysts age
PSI researchers have developed a new tomography method with which they can measure chemical properties inside catalyst materials in 3-D extremely precisely and faster than before. The application is equally important for science and industry. The researchers published their results today in the journal Science Advances.
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Gender differentiates how facial expressions are processed in the brains of alcoholics
Should treatment of alcoholics be different based on gender? Yes, according to a new study that shows that alcoholic men and women respond differently to their disease resulting in different levels of brain activity and brain abnormalities. Research indicates that they distinguish facial expressions differently and that this is an important clue as to how treatment strategies might be tailored.
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Elemental copper and iron found within the brains of deceased Alzheimer's patients
A new study unexpectedly identified tiny deposits of elemental copper and iron within the brains of two deceased people with Alzheimer's disease. The findings could help scientists better understand how these elemental metals, which were uncovered in the cores of amyloid plaques, contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and could point to a target for alternative Alzheimer's therapies.
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Laughing gas relieves symptoms in people with treatment-resistant depression
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the University of Chicago have found that a single, one-hour treatment that involves breathing in a mixture of oxygen and the anesthetic drug nitrous oxide -- otherwise known as laughing gas -- can significantly improve symptoms in people with treatment-resistant depression.
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Low doses of "laughing gas" could be fast, effective treatment for severe depression
A new study at the University of Chicago Medicine and Washington University found that a single inhalation session with 25% nitrous oxide gas was nearly as effective as 50% nitrous oxide at rapidly relieving symptoms of treatment-resistant depression, with fewer adverse side effects.
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